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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer wargame</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="War_game_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="War game (disambiguation)">War game (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Wargame" title="Wargame">Wargames</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Wargame#Medium" title="Wargame">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Military_wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Military wargaming">Military wargaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Recreational_wargaming" title="Recreational wargaming">Recreational wargaming</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Level of War</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Megagame" title="Megagame">Megagame</a></li>

<li><a href="Monster_game" title="Monster game">Monster game</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">Grand strategy wargame</a></li>

<li><i>Strategic wargame</i></li>

<li><i>Operational wargame</i></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_wargame" title="Tactical wargame">Tactical wargame</a></li>

<li><a href="Man-to-man_wargame" title="Man-to-man wargame">Skirmish</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Genres</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Air_wargaming" title="Air wargaming">Air wargaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Board_wargame" title="Board wargame">Board wargames</a></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniature wargaming">Miniature wargaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_wargaming" title="Naval wargaming">Naval wargaming</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Wargame#Notable_people" title="Wargame">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<dl><dt>19th century founders</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Johann_Christian_Ludwig_Hellwig" title="Johann Christian Ludwig Hellwig">Johann Hellwig</a></li>

<li><a href="Georg_von_Reisswitz" title="Georg von Reisswitz">Georg von Reisswitz</a></li>

<li><a href="Julius_von_Verdy_du_Vernois" title="Julius von Verdy du Vernois">Julius von Verdy du Vernois</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>20th century pioneers</dt></dl>

<li><a href="Phil_Barker" title="Phil Barker">Phil Barker</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Berg" title="Richard Berg">Richard Berg</a></li>

<li><a href="Allan_B._Calhamer" title="Allan B. Calhamer">Allan B. Calhamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Tom_Dalgliesh" title="Tom Dalgliesh">Tom Dalgliesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Jim_Dunnigan" title="Jim Dunnigan">Jim Dunnigan</a></li>

<li><a href="Donald_Featherstone_(wargamer)" title="Donald Featherstone (wargamer)">Don Featherstone</a></li>

<li><a href="Paddy_Griffith" title="Paddy Griffith">Paddy Griffith</a></li>

<li><a href="Gary_Gygax" title="Gary Gygax">Gary Gygax</a></li>

<li><a href="Larry_Harris_(game_designer)" title="Larry Harris (game designer)">Larry Harris, Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Rodger_B._MacGowan" title="Rodger B. MacGowan">Rodger B. MacGowan</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_S._Roberts" title="Charles S. Roberts">Charles S. Roberts</a></li>

<li><a href="Redmond_A._Simonsen" title="Redmond A. Simonsen">Redmond Simonsen</a></li>

<li><a href="S._Craig_Taylor" title="S. Craig Taylor">S. Craig Taylor</a></li>

<li><a href="H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Groups</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Castle_%26_Crusade_Society" title="Castle & Crusade Society">Castle & Crusade Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Manufacturers_Association" title="Game Manufacturers Association">Game Manufacturers Association</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Federation_of_Wargaming" title="International Federation of Wargaming">International Federation of Wargaming</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Wargames_Federation" title="International Wargames Federation">International Wargames Federation</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Events</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Charles_S._Roberts_Award" title="Charles S. Roberts Award">Charles S. Roberts Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Origins_Game_Fair" title="Origins Game Fair">Origins Game Fair</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Boardgaming_Championships" title="World Boardgaming Championships">World Boardgaming Championships</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_board_wargames" title="List of board wargames">List of board wargames</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_miniature_wargames" title="List of miniature wargames">List of miniature wargames</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_wargame_publishers" title="List of wargame publishers">List of wargame publishers</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p>A <b>computer wargame</b> is a <a href="Wargame" title="Wargame">wargame</a> played on a <a href="Digital_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital device">digital device</a>. Descended from <a href="Board_wargame" title="Board wargame">board wargaming</a>, it simulates military conflict at the <a href="Tactical_wargame" title="Tactical wargame">tactical</a>, <a href="Operational_art_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational art of war">operational</a> or <a href="Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">strategic</a> level. Computer wargames are both sold commercially for <a href="Recreational_wargaming" title="Recreational wargaming">recreational</a> use and, in some cases, used for <a href="Military_wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Military wargaming">military purposes</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Computer wargames derived from tabletop <a href="Wargame" title="Wargame">wargames</a>, which range from <a href="Military_wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Military wargaming">military wargaming</a> to <a href="Recreational_wargaming" title="Recreational wargaming">recreational wargaming</a>. Wargames appeared on computers as early as <i><a href="Empire_(1972_video_game)" title="Empire (1972 video game)">Empire</a></i> in 1972. The wargaming community saw the possibilities of computer gaming early and made attempts to break into the market, notably <a href="Avalon_Hill" title="Avalon Hill">Avalon Hill</a>'s Microcomputer Games line, which began in 1980 and covered a variety of topics, including adaptations of some of their wargames. In February 1980 <a href="Strategic_Simulations%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Simulations, Inc.">Strategic Simulations, Inc.</a> (SSI) was the first to sell a serious, professionally packaged computer wargame, <i><a href="Computer_Bismarck" title="Computer Bismarck">Computer Bismarck</a></i>, a <a href="Time-keeping_systems_in_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-keeping systems in games">turn-based</a> game based on the <a href="Last_battle_of_the_battleship_Bismarck" class="mw-redirect" title="Last battle of the battleship Bismarck">last battle of the battleship <i>Bismarck</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proctor198803_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proctor198803-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bismarck_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bismarck-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Wargame designer <a href="Gary_Grigsby" title="Gary Grigsby">Gary Grigsby</a> joined the industry in 1982 with <i><a href="Guadalcanal_Campaign_(video_game)" title="Guadalcanal Campaign (video game)">Guadalcanal Campaign</a></i>, published by SSI.<sup id="cite_ref-retrogamer1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cited as the first <a href="Monster_wargame" class="mw-redirect" title="Monster wargame">monster wargame</a> developed for computers.<sup id="cite_ref-cgwnews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgwnews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-egguide_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egguide-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-highscore_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highscore-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grigsby became one of the most respected designers of computer wargames.<sup id="cite_ref-retrogamer1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, he was described as "one of the founding fathers of strategy war games for the PC."<sup id="cite_ref-Dunne,_1997_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunne,_1997-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="Computer_Games_Magazine" title="Computer Games Magazine">Computer Games Magazine</a></i> later dubbed him "as much of an institution in his niche of computer gaming as <a href="Sid_Meier" title="Sid Meier">Sid Meier</a>, <a href="Will_Wright_(game_designer)" title="Will Wright (game designer)">Will Wright</a>, or <a href="John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> are in theirs."<sup id="cite_ref-uncommon_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncommon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1996 he had released 23 wargames with SSI,<sup id="cite_ref-gdmint_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdmint-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <i><a href="Steel_Panthers_(video_game)" title="Steel Panthers (video game)">Steel Panthers</a></i>, a commercial hit. In 2001, he co-founded the studio 2 by 3 Games with SSI's Joel Billings and Keith Brors, where they continued to work together on wargames.<sup id="cite_ref-retrogamer2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SSI and <a href="Strategic_Studies_Group" title="Strategic Studies Group">Strategic Studies Group</a> (SSG) were computer game companies that continued the genre by specializing in games that borrowed from board and miniature wargames. The companies enjoyed a certain popularity throughout much of the 1980s and into the 1990s. <a href="TalonSoft" title="TalonSoft">TalonSoft</a> started in 1995 with a similar focus, until purchased and later closed down by <a href="Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a> in 2002. 021702102

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_design">Game design</h2></div>

<p>Computer wargames primarily focus on simulated battles. Because it is difficult to provide an intelligent way to delegate tasks to a subordinate, war games typically keep the number of units down to hundreds rather than hundreds of thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-fundamentals_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amount of realism varies between games as game designers balance an accurate simulation with playability.

</p><p>Units are usually scaled to be disproportionately large compared to the landscape, in order to promote effective gameplay. These games usually use a much faster time line than reality, and thus wargames often do not model night time or sleep periods, though some games apply them, they can be time-consuming.<sup id="cite_ref-fundamentals_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_board_wargames">Comparison with board wargames</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Wargaming">Wargaming</a></div>

<p><a href="Wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Wargaming">Tabletop wargames</a> are usually categorized according to the scale of the confrontation (e.g., <a href="Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">grand strategy wargame</a>, strategic wargame, operational wargame, <a href="Tactical_wargame" title="Tactical wargame">tactical wargame</a> or <a href="Man-to-man_wargame" title="Man-to-man wargame">man-to-man wargame</a>). The qualifiers "real-time" and "turn-based" are not taken into account as all tabletop wargames are, by necessity, turn-based.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_computer_wargames">Notable computer wargames</h2></div>

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<ul><li><i><a href="Computer_Bismarck" title="Computer Bismarck">Computer Bismarck</a></i> - (<a href="Strategic_Simulations" title="Strategic Simulations">Strategic Simulations</a>, <a href="1980_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 in video gaming">1980</a>) - generally credited as the first "serious" computer war-game.</li>

<li><i><a href="Eastern_Front_(1941)" title="Eastern Front (1941)">Eastern Front (1941)</a></i> - (<a href="Atari_Program_Exchange" title="Atari Program Exchange">Atari Program Exchange</a>, <a href="1981_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 in video gaming">1981</a>) - Called "the first war game that competed with pencil-and-paper games" and one of the best selling programs for the <a href="Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computers</a>. Introduced scrolling maps, <i>pondering</i> AI, morale, supply considerations and many other advanced features that were common in later games. <a href="Chris_Crawford_(game_designer)" title="Chris Crawford (game designer)">Chris Crawford's</a> first major success.</li>

<li><i><a href="Gary_Grigsby's_Pacific_War" title="Gary Grigsby's Pacific War">Gary Grigsby's Pacific War</a></i> (1993)</li>

<li><i><a href="Panzer_General" title="Panzer General">Panzer General</a></i> - (Strategic Simulations, <a href="1994_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 in video gaming">1994</a>) - recognizably a traditional wargame next to Close Combat. It spawned several sequels, some of which explored different subject matter.</li>

<li><a href="Battleground_(video_game_series)" title="Battleground (video game series)"><i>Battleground</i> series</a> (<a href="TalonSoft" title="TalonSoft">TalonSoft</a>, 1995–1999)</li>

<li><i><a href="Steel_Panthers" title="Steel Panthers">Steel Panthers</a></i> - (Strategic Simulations, <a href="1995_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 in video gaming">1995</a>) - a tactical wargame on the same scale as <i><a href="Squad_Leader" title="Squad Leader">Squad Leader</a></i>, which led to two sequels, and then a series of titles by Camo Workshop/Shrapnel Games and Matrix Games, for free release.</li>

<li><i><a href="Close_Combat_(video_game)" title="Close Combat (video game)">Close Combat</a></i> - (<a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="1996_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 in video gaming">1996</a>) - not the first wargame to break out from hexes, and still presented in a 2-dimensional format, <i>Close Combat</i> addressed factors such as individual morale and reluctance to carry out orders. The original title led to five successful sequels for the general public, as well as being developed into a training tool for military use only. <i>Close Combat</i> stemmed from an early attempt to translate the <i>Squad Leader</i> boardgame to the computer.</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Operational_Art_of_War_Vol._1%3A_1939%E2%80%931955" title="The Operational Art of War Vol. 1: 1939–1955">The Operational Art of War Vol. 1: 1939–1955</a></i> - (<a href="TalonSoft" title="TalonSoft">TalonSoft</a>, 1998)</li>

<li><i><a href="Combat_Mission%3A_Beyond_Overlord" title="Combat Mission: Beyond Overlord">Combat Mission: Beyond Overlord</a></i> - (<a href="Big_Time_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Time Software">Big Time Software</a>, <a href="2000_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 in video gaming">2000</a>)</li>

<li><i><a href="Decisive_Battles_of_WWII%3A_Korsun_Pocket" title="Decisive Battles of WWII: Korsun Pocket">Decisive Battles of WWII: Korsun Pocket</a></i> - (<a href="Strategic_Studies_Group" title="Strategic Studies Group">Strategic Studies Group</a>, 2003)</li>

<li><i><a href="TacOps" title="TacOps">TacOps</a></i> – (Major I.L. Holdridge, 2003 for v4) – commercial version of “TacOpsCav 4”, an officially issued standard training device of the US Army. It is a simulation of contemporary and near-future tactical, ground, combat between the modern armed forces of the world.</li>

<li><i><a href="Wargame%3A_Red_Dragon" title="Wargame: Red Dragon">Wargame: Red Dragon</a></i> – (<a href="Eugen_Systems" title="Eugen Systems">Eugen Systems</a>, 2014) – a 3D <a href="Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> or <a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> scale simulation set as a "Cold War Gone Hot" themed game in both multiplayer and singleplayer environments. Players construct customized armies through use of a deck system comprising land vehicles, infantry, and helicopters from several <a href="NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> nations and manage logistics such as fuel and ammunition while on the battlefield. There is no cohesive campaign, the game instead taking place in several hypothetical conflicts.</li>

<li><i><a href="Hegemony_(video_game_series)" title="Hegemony (video game series)">Hegemony</a></i> - (<a href="Longbow_Games" title="Longbow Games">Longbow Games</a>) - a series of historical wargames set in antiquity, with real-time strategy and real time battles on one seamless map, notable for its elegant supply system.</li>

<li><i><a href="Ultimate_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate General">Ultimate General</a></i> - a series of strategy wargames based on the <a href="American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Total_War_(video_game_series)" title="Total War (video game series)">Total War</a></i> – a wargame set in different time periods, with a turn based map, and a real time battle component, featured on the television series <i><a href="Time_Commanders" title="Time Commanders">Time Commanders</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hearts_of_Iron" title="Hearts of Iron">Hearts of Iron</a></i> – (<a href="Paradox_Interactive" title="Paradox Interactive">Paradox Interactive</a>) − a grand strategy wargame series that is focused on World War 2. Player may act as any reasonably sized nation at the time, influencing international politics, economic and military development, and can control battlefields on both strategic and operational levels using combined arms. Frequently used to entertain and simulate alternative history scenarios as well as recreate historical events.</li>

<li><i><a href="DEFCON_(video_game)" title="DEFCON (video game)">DEFCON (video game)</a></i> - (<a href="Introversion_Software" title="Introversion Software">Introversion Software</a>)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Chronology_of_grand_strategy_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of grand strategy video games">Chronology of grand strategy video games</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFProctor,_Bob1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Proctor, Bob (March 1988). "Titans of the Computer Gaming World / SSI". <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. p. 36.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-retrogamer1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-retrogamer1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-retrogamer1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie,_Craig2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ritchie, Craig (October 2007). "Developer Lookback; Strategic Simulations Inc (Part 1 of 2)". <i><a href="Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i> (42): <span class="nowrap">34–</span>39.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-cgwnews-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgwnews_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStaff1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Staff (May–June 1982). "Hobby and Industry News". <i><a href="Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i>. Vol. 3, no. 3. p. 4.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-egguide-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-egguide_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStaff1983" class="citation journal cs1">Staff (February 1983). "The Player's Guide to Computer Games; The World Marches to War!". <i><a href="Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a></i>. <b>1</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">47–</span>49.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-highscore-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-highscore_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDeMaria,_Rusel2018" class="citation book cs1">DeMaria, Rusel (December 2018). "Opportunity Knocks: The Story of SSI". <i>High Score! Expanded: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">166–</span>171. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-429-77139-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Dunne,_1997-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunne,_1997_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDunne1997" class="citation news cs1">Dunne, Alex (19 June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/interview-with-gary-grigsby-developer-of-ssi-s-steel-panthers">"Interview with Gary Grigsby, Developer of SSI's Steel Panthers"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-uncommon-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uncommon_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMayer,_Robert2001" class="citation web cs1">Mayer, Robert (January 10, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050419024635/http://www.cdmag.com/articles/031/100/uncommonva-01-fl.html">"<i>Uncommon Valor: Campaign for the South Pacific</i> First Look"</a>. <i><a href="Computer_Games_Magazine" title="Computer Games Magazine">Computer Games Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdmag.com/articles/031/100/uncommonva-01-fl.html">the original</a> on April 19, 2005.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-gdmint-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gdmint_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDunne,_Alex1996" class="citation web cs1">Dunne, Alex (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/interview-with-gary-grigsby-developer-of-ssi-s-steel-panthers">"Interview with Gary Grigsby, Developer of SSI's <i>Steel Panthers</i>"</a>. <i><a href="Game_Developer_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Game Developer Magazine">Game Developer Magazine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980121144116/http://www.gamasutra.com:80/features/game_design/061997/interview_grigsby_panthers.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 1998.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-retrogamer2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-retrogamer2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie,_Craig2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ritchie, Craig (November 2007). "Developer Lookback; Strategic Simulations Inc (Part 2 of 2)". <i><a href="Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i> (43): <span class="nowrap">82–</span>87.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-fundamentals-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fundamentals_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fundamentals_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRollingsErnest_Adams2006" class="citation book cs1">Rollings, Andrew; Ernest Adams (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_gamedev_1/54/14053/3597646.cw/index.html"><i>Fundamentals of Game Design</i></a>. Prentice Hall.</cite></span>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_genres350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Video_game_genres350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Video game genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_video_game_genres" title="List of video game genres">List of video game genres</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Action_game" title="Action game">Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Platformer" title="Platformer">Platformer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Endless_runner" title="Endless runner">Endless runner</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arena_shooter" title="Arena shooter">Arena</a></li>

<li><a href="First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Light gun</a></li>

<li><a href="Shoot_'em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">Shoot 'em up</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></li>

<li><a href="Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">Twin-stick</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">Tactical</a></li>

<li><a href="Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">Third-person</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Survival_game" title="Survival game">Survival</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">Battle royale</a></li>

<li><a href="Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hack_and_slash" title="Hack and slash">Hack and slash</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting</a>

<ul><li><a href="Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Pac-Man_clones" title="List of Pac-Man clones"><i>Pac-Man</i> clone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Snake_(video_game_genre)" title="Snake (video game genre)">Snake</a></li>

<li><a href="Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">Stealth</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Grand_Theft_Auto_clone" title="Grand Theft Auto clone"><i>Grand Theft Auto</i> clone</a></li>

<li><a href="Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Escape_room_video_game" title="Escape room video game">Escape room</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_graphic_adventure_games" title="List of graphic adventure games">Graphic adventure</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_film" title="Interactive film">Interactive film</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">Visual novel</a></li>

<li><a href="Walking_simulator" title="Walking simulator">Walking sim</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Digital_tabletop_game" title="Digital tabletop game">Digital tabletop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Deck-building_game" title="Deck-building game">Deck-building</a>

<ul><li><a href="Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_collectible_card_game" title="Digital collectible card game">Digital collectible card</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hidden_object_game" title="Hidden object game">Hidden object</a></li>

<li><a href="Sokoban" title="Sokoban"><i>Sokoban</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Tile-matching_video_game" title="Tile-matching video game">Tile-matching</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action role-playing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Looter_shooter" title="Looter shooter">Looter shooter</a></li>

<li><a href="Soulslike" title="Soulslike">Soulslike</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">Dungeon crawl</a></li>

<li><a href="Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li>

<li><a href="Monster-taming_game" title="Monster-taming game">Monster-taming</a></li>

<li><a href="Roguelike" title="Roguelike">Roguelike</a>

<ul><li><a href="Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li>

<li><a href="Turn-based_role-playing_game" title="Turn-based role-playing game">Turn-based role-playing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Life_simulation_game" title="Life simulation game">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating</a></li>

<li><a href="Farm_life_sim" title="Farm life sim">Farming</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_simulation_game" title="Social simulation game">Social</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_pet" title="Virtual pet">Virtual pet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">CMS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Business_simulation_game" title="Business simulation game">Business</a></li>

<li><a href="City-building_game" title="City-building game">City-building</a></li>

<li><a href="Government_simulation_game" title="Government simulation game">Government</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fishing_video_game" title="Fishing video game">Fishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kart_racing_game" title="Kart racing game">Kart racing</a></li>

<li><a href="Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">Sim racing</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flight_simulation_video_game" title="Flight simulation video game">Flight simulation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">Combat</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)" title="Lunar Lander (video game genre)">Lunar Lander</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">Submarine simulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Train_simulator" title="Train simulator">Train simulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">Vehicular combat</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Falling-sand_game" title="Falling-sand game">Falling-sand</a></li>

<li><a href="Immersive_sim" title="Immersive sim">Immersive sim</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Auto_battler" title="Auto battler">Auto battler</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">Real-time strategy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Time_management_game" title="Time management game">Time management</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">Real-time tactics</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li>

<li><a href="Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">Tower defense</a></li>

<li><a href="Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">Turn-based strategy</a></li>

<li><a href="Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">Turn-based tactics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li></ul></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">Grand strategy</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Fitness_game" title="Fitness game">Fitness</a></li>

<li><a href="Horror_game" title="Horror game">Horror</a>

<ul><li><a href="Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Incremental_game" title="Incremental game">Incremental</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_video_game" title="Music video game">Music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">Rhythm</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Party_video_game" title="Party video game">Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Photography_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography game">Photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Programming_game" title="Programming game">Programming</a></li>

<li><a href="Typing_game" title="Typing game">Typing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advergame" title="Advergame">Advergame</a></li>

<li><a href="Bish%C5%8Djo_game" title="Bishōjo game"><i>Bishōjo</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_video_game" title="Christian video game">Christian</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_in_video_games" title="Comedy in video games">Comedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_video_game" title="Educational video game">Educational</a></li>

<li><a href="Girls'_video_games" title="Girls' video games">Girls</a></li>

<li><a href="Licensed_game" title="Licensed game">Licensed</a></li>

<li><a href="Otome_game" title="Otome game"><i>Otome</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Sexual</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nonviolent_video_game" title="Nonviolent video game">Nonviolent</a></li>

<li><a href="Personalized_video_game" title="Personalized video game">Personalized</a></li>

<li><a href="Serious_game" title="Serious game">Serious</a>

<li><a href="Climate_change_video_game" title="Climate change video game">Climate change</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Player modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a>

<li><a href="Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie</a>

<ul><li><a href="Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft"><i>Doujin</i> soft</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hypercasual_game" title="Hypercasual game">Hypercasual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent gameplay</a></li>

<li><a href="Gacha_game" title="Gacha game"><i>Gacha</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Kaizo" title="Kaizo"><i>Kaizo</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Masocore" title="Masocore">Masocore</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear gameplay</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandbox_game" title="Sandbox game">Sandbox</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">Side-scrolling</a></li>

<li><a href="Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch gameplay</a></li>

<li><a href="Vertically_scrolling_video_game" title="Vertically scrolling video game">Vertically scrolling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_clone" title="Video game clone">Video game clone</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Video game modding</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">Video game remake</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Computer_wargame&oldid=1288331652">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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